Preheat oven to 350°F. Generously butter a heavy ovenproof 10- to 12-inch skillet. Whisk the first five ingredients (flour, sugar, baking powder, salt, baking soda) in a large bowl to blend. Add butter; using fingertips, rub the butter in until coarse crumbs form. Stir in golden raisins and caraway seeds. Whisk together the Greek yogurt, milk and egg in a medium bowl until blended. Add to the dough; using a wooden spoon, stir just until well incorporated (dough will be very sticky). 

Transfer the dough to a prepared skillet; smooth the top, mounding slightly in the center. Using a sharp knife dipped into flour, cut a 1-inch-deep X in the top center of the dough. Bake until bread is cooked through and a wooden skewer inserted into the center comes out clean, about 1 hour 15 minutes.

Cool the bread in the skillet for 10 minutes. Butter the top and cover with a clean linen towel. Turn out onto a rack and cool completely.

This can be made 1 day ahead. Wrap tightly in foil; store at room temperature.